Gyeongbok Palace, Seoul

Gyeongbok Palace was the first and largest palace built by the Joseon founder and it was built according to geomantic theory: a plain with a stream immediately to the south and mountains around the other three sides. The main palace halls that were used by the king, were built using the best materials and construction techniques.

 

The main palace halls were used as the residence for the king and a place where state matters were discussed and foreign envoys were received. The main outer gate Gwanghuamun (south wall), throne hall Geunjeong-jeon, council hall Sajeong-jeon and king's residence Gangnyeong-jeon were designed and built along a north-south axis. The locations of these buildings reflect the philosophy of Joseon rulers who wished to establish a framework for governance according to Confucian propriety and virtue.

 

Gyeongbok Palace was at its highest peak during the reign of King Sejong (1418-1450) who established the Hall of Worthies (a royal research institute) and invented Hangeul, the present Korean language and wrote a book, Correct Sounds to Instruct the People, on the principles behind Hanguel alphabet and the proper way to use it and this was added to the UNESCO Memory of World register.

During Japanese invasion between 1592-1598, Gyeongbok Palace was demolished and the site remained empty for 273 years till it was rebuilt and explanded during the reign of King Gojong (1863-1907). At present, the government constantly rebuilds and restores the Gyeongbok Palace to make sure that it remains as a precious cultural legacy of Korea.